Saturday 14 September 2013

Lincoln: Earthquakes, Flying Bishops and the Occasional Stuffed Badger



Heading into Lincolnshire is like a frame-by-frame presentation of John Boorman’s Deliverance, replete with webbed-toed, dungareed types who salivate endlessly about crops, local history and their cousin “Mary-Lou.” Legend has it that the god of  feng shui decided that in order for the world to harvest all the positive energy available, Lincolnshire needed to be tucked away beneath the squeaky commode that is Nottinghamshire.  And if Nottinghamshire could be personified as that vociferous old aunt that embarrasses everyone by fingering the macaroons and breaking wind unashamedly, then Lincolnshire is the estranged uncle in a sowester with almanacs on diesel locomotives and exotic fauna.
        Lincoln is undoubtedly a strange cobbled dwelling, apparently situated almost one hundred meters above sea level. This would no doubt account for the constant feeling of nausea one experiences on a stroll past the numerous toffee- shops, trinket pedlars and Ye Olde Spam Burger Bar.  Interestingly though, the etymology and formation of its place name makes for compelling reading.  It is allegedly derived from its Celtic inhabitants (who were the earliest recorded settlers in the area) who left various clues as to how they lived prior to the Roman invasion. Apparently, due to the sterling work of local archaeologists, they actually located remnants from its Celtic past, such as arrow heads, pottery, cans of premium-strength lager and discarded deep-fried confectionary.  We now know that the city’s name actually originates from the Brythonic word Lindon (meaning bog or marshy place). However the Romans later embellished it by adding Colonia (v: to obstruct) due to the difficulties they had in getting to the dwelling because of the numerous fortifications as well as the marshlands.  So, Lindon Colonia (literally bog blocker) became a prosperous Roman settlement, establishing many of the cobbled walkways that still serpentine through the city to this day.
       The Normans, who decided to advertise their presence by erecting castles and cathedrals across the country, (as well as indiscriminately filleting the locals), established Lincoln as the region’s ecclesiastical capital. Although the Norman Cathedral (completed in 1092) was destroyed by fire when some monks, drunk on mead and communal wine, carelessly tossed a half-lit cheroot, which ignited some nearby straw bales. Nevertheless, undeterred, the blessed thing was erected once more, only to be levelled by a freakish earthquake a few years later. Many of the city’s denizens attributed the disaster to God flexing his muscles and showing his displeasure at the gratuitous gambling, whoring and ethnic knitting that was allegedly going on within the precincts. Although, there is an interesting aside in one of the contemporary records that ascribes the earthquake to the folly of a visiting Italian bishop named Crassus Asino. Apparently, Crassus (prompted by some local hooch left over from the Roman occupation) believed he could fly and subsequently leapt from the cathedral’s tallest tower.  He actually covered quite a bit of ground simply by the vigorous flapping of his cassock, and, as a matter of fact, made it to the neighbouring shires.  His success at the time was ascribed to a favourable tail wind, a large bowl of sprouts and a smidgeon of divine intervention. Unfortunately, however, he eventually ran out of steam, and, unable to keep himself aloft, plummeted to his death just outside Worksop. The impact left a deep fissure or chasm in the landscape (now known as Bishop’s Crack) that has since been turned into a local skate park. 
       However, despite all the setbacks, the cathedral was eventually constructed and now dominates the city’s skyline.  It was also (for at least three hundred years) the tallest building in the world. This was due to its impressive spire which was undoubtedly seen by the bishops as a statement of diocesan power, as well as being a convenient structure on which to air their ecclesiastical socks.
     The early bishops of Lincoln were essentially a portly lot who exercised considerable influence over Medieval England. In fact Hugh of Wells was supposed to have been present at the signing of Magna Carta. However, he is reported to have whistled and made silly farty noises throughout, until King John and the local barons, thoroughly annoyed at his presence, were reputed to  have inflicted a near fatal wedgy. The bishops were also famed for tobogganing in Lincoln during the winter and synchronised swimming in the river Witham in the warmer months. Rumour has it that they also experimented with psychotropic and hallucinogenic substances.  And, indeed, the early marginalia are littered with illustrations of psychedelic toads, weasels, suspicious-looking salamanders and the odd nonsensical flourish.  It is said that the partaking of exotic herbs actually lead to bouts of irrepressible giggling during the Mass, and the subsequent hunger pangs are reputed to have caused the great famine of 1353.
       The roll call of Lincoln’s bishops reads like an ecclesiastical who’s who. There was Robert Bloet (or Bloeter) named due to his love of hog-roasts, warm ale and plum duff.  Hugh of Avalon, (a vibrant presence around the city) described as a firm-buttocked, rosy-cheeked sort-of-a-fellow who delighted in teaching Albanian yodelling and hankie waving to Edward II. There was also the famous St Hugh of Lincoln who was martyred by being drowned in his own porridge.  And lastly Robert Grossetestes who enjoyed terrorising the local children; or at least until he was pummelled to death by a group of washer-women.  But perhaps the most famous bishop was Thomas Wolsey who served as the King’s almoner under Henry VIII. It is said the Wolsey’s time at Lincoln was marred by dubious, nocturnal goings on, and there was indeed a scandal involving some dwarfs, a soaked camel and several sticks of celery. Wolsey was also famed for lifting his vestment or cassock in the town square in order to perform his impersonation of the King of France, aided by a couple of plums and a stuffed badger.
        During the Medieval period Lincoln flourished, especially in terms of trade.  Exports of items such as wool, cloth and pork scratchings to the Netherlands and other regions generated a lot of commerce and revenue.  Consequently the city was considered a rich source of income worth mining by anybody with an entrepreneurial bent. Markets began to spring up unchecked and unfettered by the local authorities, as did numerous disputes and fracas over plots and trading rights. In fact, the famous battle of 1141 between King Stephen and the Empress Matilda, was actually over the contents and positioning of a market stall during the city’s famous Christmas fair. It is said that during the hostilities many noses were tweaked and ears pulled in the violence that spilt over onto the Cathedral green. In fact contemporary accounts speak of a battle of apocalyptic proportions amongst the stallholders with flailing French sticks, prune chutney and lobbed pilchards.
        Lincoln never really recovered from the skirmishes of the late medieval period, which consequently saw trade decline.  The city’s woes were further exacerbated by various natural disasters like flooding, plague and downpours of frogs in 1389 making the cobbles even oiler than usual.  With the Tudor reign came the Dissolution of the Monasteries which effectively stripped Lincoln of its diocesan thrust and influence. In fact in 1549 the cathedral's great spire actually perished and fell from its positioning, apparently impaling a couple of winkle-sellers “winkling” on the river bank.  However the metaphorical resonances were evident, and seized upon by soothsayers as a symbol of the city’s political and economic downfall.
       Lincoln of course recouped, although suffered grievously during the civil war being sandwiched between parliamentary and royalist incursions. However, with the onset of the Industrial Revolution it came into the fore once more in terms of production, and manufacturing, which eventually gave way in the proceeding centuries to heavy industry.  During the 20th century they had a thriving industrial infrastructure, until the Thatcher invasion of the 1980s saw the influx of the mulleted “upwardly-mobile.” The ensuing political zeitgeist resulted in industry and manufacturing effectively relocating abroad, leaving tourism and tea shops as the main legitimate source of income.  
      The famous Christmas market, however, still draws people into the city, with huge strings of sausages, pickled conkers, and homemade fudge.  However, it is mainly students, pensioners and Americans in loud shirts which prop everything up these days.  The Cathedral, like most establishments of this kind, now charges an entry fee (God has become rather expensive of late), in order to prevent its hallowed structure going the same way as the once great spire.
        No doubt to the relief of the numerous fishy purveyors that thrust and parry upon the banks below.

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